Terrain theory - that ancient theory has captivated the minds of the younger generations. They think germ theory is a conspiracy by big pharma and viruses have never been isolated. They go round and round about Koch's postulates. When these folks are set lose they are going to be very busy infecting everyone around them.
The insider dealing and revolving doors is so conflicted in this industry it is beyond belief. However, it pales in comparison to the secret committees at the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurty (NSABB) that vote on Enhanced Potential Pandemic Pathogen (PPP) and Gain-of-Function (GOF) research and fund labs like the Wuhan lab from smoke field back rooms knowing full well the public if they new about this research would never allow it. Many of these projects in in breach of HHS P3HO policy. And if you even mention what I just said you will get banned from major journals like Nature because they are all in on this - huge amounts of money in it.
Nature now has a formal paper (link to PDF) regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. This is hopeful:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2349-y
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2349-y_reference.pdf
Regarding Moderna's vaccine:
https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-positive-interim-phase-1-data-its-mrna-vaccine
"All participants ages 18-55 (n=15 per cohort) across all three dose levels seroconverted by day 15 after a single dose"
All we have so far is a press release. I wouldn’t put much weight on that. We’ll need to wait for their results to get published. Then review it. An RNA vaccine like this has never been approved for human use but it has been successfully used with animals. But the bar is much lower for animals – you don’t care if a few die. This is a risky approach. They take the genome of the virus and then snip out the mRNA for just the S protein which binds to ACE2. Then they use a vector to get the mRNA into the human cells so it is expressed and some cells will translate the mRNA’s codons into the amino acid peptide of the S protein and present it on the cell surface. Those S proteins will be detected by the IgM antibody on a B-Cell surface and start the cascade of events that leads to production of protective IgG antibodies. The human cells will be seen as infected and will be killed. So you do lose a little bit of tissue. Some will feel as if they have the flu. You hope the correct mRNA is included and you don’t accidentally introduce the whole genome of the virus. And the IgG will probably last for two years. But if you get ADE after the virus mutates then this could result in a much worse illness later on. But we don’t know if ADE will happen. Generally a safer method is to just produce S protein on a wet bench and inject just the S protein to form an immune response but when this was tried with SARS it made the disease worse not better. Live attenuated viruses were tested for SARS but they reverted to wild type and killed the host. Risky stuff! Let’s hope we don’t cut safety corners and mandate and unsafe vaccine. But there is hope this could work.
RtPCR tests using nasal swabs have a high false negative rate. So it is not inconceivable they could have had two negative tests when they were still infected. They could use BALF from the lung but that isn't very pleasant. It could also be the last text picked up dead virus being cleared out.
Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302265
Retrospective, multicenter study of 1128 adult pts with HTN diagnosed with COVID19: Taking ACEI/ARB: 188 Not Taking ACEI/ARB: 940 Unadjusted 28d Mortality: No ACEI/ARB: 9.8% ACEI/ARB: 3.7% P = 0.01
ACEI/ARB also associated with decreased mortality compared to other antihypertensive drugs (aHR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.70; p = 0.01 Bottom Line: Inpt use of ACEI/ARB was ASSOCIATED with lower risk of all-cause 28d mortality compared with ACEI/ARB non-users.
Monoclonal antibody therapeutics has been around for 30 years. In fact everyone of us who was breast fed received antibodies from our mother's milk which protected us from pathogens until we developed our own functioning adaptive immune system. Giving plasma from recovered patients to infected patients has already be proven effective. It works because it transfers IgG from a recovered patient to a sick patient which binds the virus and leads to its removal. The problem there is plasma donations are few and you may not get enough of the type of antibody that will work best i.e. that has a high enough titer and specificity and can inactivate the virus. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics solves this because we can test millions of antibodies and find the one that is 100% effective and produce in cheaply in unlimited amounts. There is a downside to every therapy and the major downside here is that immunity is not permanent because IgG antibodies don't last forever. So you would need to periodically get another dose. The other issue is once the disease is too advanced and you already have organ damage or a cytokine storm it isn't going to help. So you either need to take it early in the coarse of disease or take it as a prophylactic. Antibodies are produced by B Cells and when a B Cell with an IgM surface antibody binds successfully to the virus (hopefully to the S Protein) it starts to multiply into many plasma B Cells that produce plasma IgG which have the same binding domains. Once IgG binds to the S protein on the surface of the virus the virus is marked for destruction. IgG looks like the letter Y and is composed of two light chains and two heavy chains. Only the heavy chains differ between IgM and IgG. It is the light chains on the "arm" of the Y that bind specifically to the S protein.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy
A paper regarding the research is being submitted to a peer reviewed journal:
https://investors.sorrentotherapeutics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/sti-1499-potent-anti-sars-cov-2-antibody-demonstrates-ability
There are several companies with candidate monoclonal antibodies. Which will be FDA approved first will be worth watching but with anything involving the FDA it will take time and involve several trials.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.987958v1.full.pdf
My sister has already produced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in cows. Why? because in the third world consumption of cow colostrum containing antibodies may cheaply offer some immunity to the virus without medical intervention.
Virus stuff:
"We want to emphasize there is a cure. There is a solution that works 100 percent," "If we have the neutralizing antibody in your body, you don't need the social distancing. You can open up a society without fear." Dr. Henry Ji, of Sorrento Therapeutics
https://www.foxnews.com/science/covid-cure-california-biopharmaceutical-coronavirus-antibody-breakthrough
